These uses would include the like of killing of diseases or pests. Practitioners that utilise magic in this way argue that the effect itself is malevolent by causing death (with the above example) to insects, but as an indirect consequence of black magic, good can be a result, such as in the form of less pests around, etc. In this school of thought, there is no separation between benevolent and malevolent magic because there is no universal morality against which magic can be measured.
In fiction, black magic will quite frequently be synonymous with evil magic. Such is the case in Rosemary's Baby, J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, and Shakespeare's Macbeth. In many popular video games, such as Final Fantasy, white and black magic is simply used to distinguish between healing/defensive spells (such as a "cure") and offensive/elemental spells (such as "fire") respectively, and does not carry an inherent good or evil connotation.
Black magic practises
Within common mainstream religion, such as Christianity (even within modern Paganism to an extent), there are certain taboos surrounding forms of magic. Although culture may place certain forms of magic in one side or another of this spectrum, there are in fact some cultural universals about conducfree will,
* True name spells - the theory is that knowing a person's true name allows control over the other, making this wrong for the same reason. This can also be used as a connection to the other person, or to free them from another's compulsion, so it is in the grey area,
* Immortalirituals - from a Taoist perspective, life is finite, and wishing to live beyond one's natural span is not with the flow of nature. Beyond this, there is a major issue with immortality. Because of the need to test the results, the subjects must be killed. Even a spell to extend life may not be entirely good, especially if it draws life energy from another to sustain the spell.,
* Necromancy - for purposes of usage, this is defined not as general black magic, but as any magic having to do with death itself, either through divination of entrails, or the act of raising the dead bodily, as opposed to resurrection or CPR,
* Curses/Hexes - a curse can be as as simple as wishing something bad would happen to another, to a complex ritual.
* Demon conjuring
Black magic as part of religion
Many rituals done by black magic practitioners mentioned on television are mentioned as having aspects similar to Christianity, but a perverted form, and it appears to be universally based upon a religion, but using perverted rituals to suit the needs of the user. For example, black magic users might invert a pentacle just as Satanists invert a cross. Likewise, corrupted rites or sacrifice may substitute blood or faeces for the water or wine. Seen from this perspective, the distinction between black and white magic would be simple,
* White magic would be the original rituals, which embody the tenets of the religion in question. For Buddhism or Hinduism, this might be long and complex prayer sutras. Taoist and Shinto magic would largely be based upon fertility and nature rituals, and
* Black magic would be a corruption or misuse of such above rituals, turning the cultural morals of the religion into self-serving or destructive. This could be something such as making poppet doll to cause harm.
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